Driving in winter weather presents unique challenges, and preparing a car for cold, snow, and ice can help ensure safety and reliability throughout the season. Fortunately, winterizing a vehicle is not complicated and requires only a few essential checks. This guide outlines five key steps to get any car ready for winter, reducing the chances of breakdowns and providing peace of mind on the road.

1. Check the Battery's Health

Car batteries work harder in cold conditions. Low temperatures slow the chemical reactions that generate power, and thickened engine oil can require additional energy to start the car. A battery that performs well in summer may fail on the first freezing morning, making battery health one of the most common causes of winter breakdowns—and also one of the easiest issues to prevent.

It is recommended to have the battery tested before the first frost. Most auto parts stores will perform this check at no cost. If a battery is weak or more than three or four years old, replacement is highly advisable before winter sets in. Additionally, ensure the battery terminals are clean and free of corrosion, since a clean connection maximizes power delivery.

2. Get the Right Tires for Winter

Tires are the only point of contact between the car and the road, so their performance is critical—especially in winter. In regions that experience persistent snow, ice, or extended cold (below 45°F or 7°C), all-season tires may not provide sufficient performance. The rubber on these tires becomes hard in cold temperatures, reducing traction.

Consider Winter Tires

Winter tires are specifically designed for cold weather. Their rubber compounds stay flexible in low temperatures, and their deeper tread patterns with specialized sipes provide improved grip on snow and ice. This enhances safety and vehicle control during winter conditions.

Check Tire Pressure and Tread

Regardless of tire type, continue to check tire pressure monthly. Cold temperatures can reduce pressure by approximately 1 PSI for every 10-degree drop. Underinflated tires are dangerous and wear unevenly. Use the recommended PSI listed inside the driver’s door jamb. Additionally, inspect tread depth—use the penny test by inserting a penny into the tread groove with Lincoln’s head upside down. If the top of his head is visible, replacement is necessary.

3. Top Off Fluids with Winter-Ready Formulas

Different vehicle fluids need attention before winter. Using appropriate formulas helps prevent freezing and protects mechanical systems.

Use Winter Windshield Washer Fluid

Switch to a winter-formula washer fluid, which contains de-icing agents and a lower freezing point, often rated to -20°F or below. Regular washer fluid may freeze in the reservoir or on the windshield, creating major visibility hazards. Always top off before the start of the season.

Check Antifreeze (Coolant)

Antifreeze ensures that the engine won’t freeze in winter or overheat in summer. It should be mixed at a 50/50 ratio with water. Use a tester (available at auto parts stores) to check the mixture. Fluid that appears rusty or contaminated should be flushed and replaced by a professional.

4. Ensure Clear Vision and Visibility

With shorter days and frequent inclement weather, it is essential for all lights and wipers to function correctly.

Inspect Wiper Blades

Wiper blades degrade over time, often leaving streaks or smears that reduce visibility. Replace wiper blades every fall or as soon as they show signs of wear. Consider winter-specific wiper blades with a rubber boot to prevent ice buildup.

Check All Lights

Regularly inspect all exterior vehicle lights—headlights, taillights, brake lights, and turn signals—to confirm they work properly. Clean any hazy or yellowed headlight lenses for maximum brightness.

5. Assemble a Winter Emergency Kit

Even well-prepared vehicles can encounter unexpected issues. Keeping an emergency kit in the trunk can improve safety and comfort while awaiting assistance.

Suggested Kit Contents

  • Ice scraper and snow brush: Essential tools for clearing windows.
  • Small shovel: Useful for digging out of snowbanks.
  • Bag of sand or kitty litter: Helps provide traction under spinning wheels.
  • Jumper cables: For addressing a dead battery.
  • Flashlight and extra batteries: Provides light if stranded after dark.
  • Warm blanket, gloves, and hat: Maintains warmth if waiting without the engine running.
  • Phone charger or power bank: Ensures the ability to call for help.
  • Water and non-perishable snacks: Such as granola bars, for sustenance.